Joseph Raphson was an English mathematician. He attended Jesus College at Cambridge, graduating with an M.A. in 1692. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society on 30 November 1689, after being proposed for membership by Edmund Halley.

Raphson's most notable work is Analysis Aequationum Universalis, published in 1690. It contains what is now known as the Newton-Raphson method for approximating the roots of an equation. Isaac Newton's method was developed earlier, but published much later.

Raphson's version of the method is simpler than Newton's, and is therefore generally considered superior. Texbooks today tend to use Raphson's version rather than Newton's.

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